What executive orders is Trump expected to sign?

Donald Trump is expected to unleash a series of executive orders after he is sworn in as the 47th president of the United States, after calling in his inaugural address on Monday for a “common sense revolution,” according to excerpts released ahead of the event.

At a rally on Sunday, the Republican promised to act unilaterally on a wide range of issues, including immigration, climate rules and diversity policies. It is common for presidents to sign a host of executive orders upon taking office, although the number Trump is expected to issue may be unprecedented.

Such orders carry the weight of law but can be overturned by subsequent presidents or courts. Many may face legal challenges.

National emergency at the border

Trump will sign an executive order declaring a national emergency at the southern border — and ordering the Defense Department to allocate more resources and manpower to it, incoming Trump administration officials told reporters Monday.

“Stay in Mexico”

Officials also said Trump would reimplement the “Remain in Mexico” policy in an executive order from day one. In an action from his first term, he sent about 70,000 non-Mexican asylum seekers back across the border into Mexico to await hearings.

Resuming construction of the wall

When Trump was first elected president in 2016, he signed an executive order to build a border wall. Although parts of the wall have been built, much remains unfinished, and the official said he would try to complete what he started.

Ending birthright citizenship

Trump described the constitutional right that anyone born on American soil is an American citizen as “ridiculous.” Incoming Trump officials also told reporters on Inauguration Day that the president-elect would deny birthright citizenship to children of immigrants who are in the United States illegally.

But doing so could be much more difficult than simply issuing an executive order, and is expected to face legal challenges.

Refugees and asylum seekers

Officials also said Trump would suspend admission of refugees into the United States for at least four months. He also plans to use his presidential powers to “end” asylum by announcing rapid deportations at the US-Mexico border.

Terrorism classification of gangs and cartels

The next president will formally designate international cartels and gangs as foreign terrorist organizations, according to Trump officials. Central American MS-13 and the Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua will be added to the list that includes Al-Qaeda, the so-called Islamic State and Hamas.

Death penalty for some immigrant criminals

The president-elect will direct the attorney general to seek the death penalty for any illegal immigrant convicted of killing law enforcement officers or other “death penalty” crimes, officials said.

Deportations

Trump has previously pledged to “launch the largest deportation program in American history” starting on the first day of his presidency. He also pledged to end a long-standing policy that prevented federal immigration authorities from conducting raids on churches and schools. But the undertaking may face legal and logistical challenges.

Border closure for health reasons

A 1944 measure called Title 42 allows the U.S. government to limit immigration to protect public health. It was last used during the pandemic, but US media have reported that the incoming administration is looking for a disease that would help justify its plans to close the US southern border with Mexico.

Definitions

On his first day in office, Trump is expected to first direct federal agencies to “study trade policies and evaluate U.S. trade relations with China and America’s continental neighbors,” according to the Wall Street Journal.

Trump had previously promised to impose tariffs of 10% on all imports, 25% on Canadian and Mexican goods, and 60% on goods coming from China.

Experts say the tariffs are likely to make consumer goods more expensive and could lead to inflation. Some countries are considering taking retaliatory measures.

Trump imposed tariffs in his first term — including some on China that Joe Biden maintained.

Economic inflation

Trump will issue a presidential memorandum on inflation emphasizing the need for a “whole-of-government approach” to cutting costs — though specific policy details are scant, incoming Trump officials said.

Encryption stack

Trump has championed cryptocurrency, and his election saw the value of Bitcoin increase by 30%.

Some believe Trump will move quickly to create a federal “bitcoin stockpile” — a strategic reserve similar to the U.S. stock of gold and oil — which he said would serve as “a permanent national asset for the benefit of all Americans.”

National energy emergency

Officials associated with the incoming administration told reporters on Monday that Trump will announce a national energy policy. It will be designed to allow the United States to produce more natural resources and jobs, which officials said will enhance national security.

Repeal Biden’s energy regulations

Officials also said the next president will aim to scale back Biden administration directives, regulations and programs aimed at promoting green jobs, regulating the fossil fuel industry and reducing pollution.

Officials said he would end Biden’s electric vehicle mandate and increase natural resource production to reduce costs for the American consumer. He will also issue an order targeting Alaska for its “astonishing abundance of natural resources.”

Withdrawing from the Paris Agreement (again)

Within six months of taking office in 2017, Trump withdrew from the Paris Climate Agreement – ​​a landmark international agreement designed to limit rising global temperatures.

Biden moved to rejoin the agreement on his first day in office in 2021, but Trump is expected to withdraw from it again.

“Hostages” released January 6

Hundreds of people convicted after the 2021 US Capitol riot are awaiting a possible pardon when Trump returns to office.

Trump has repeatedly referred to them as “hostages.” “I’m inclined to pardon a lot of them,” he previously told CNN. “I can’t say for every one of them, because a couple of them, maybe, got out of control.”

More than 1,500 people were arrested in connection with the event. At least 600 people were charged with assaulting or obstructing federal officers.

Also at his rally on Sunday, Trump said he would release secret documents related to the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy, the subject of countless conspiracy theories.

He said he would do the same for files related to the 1968 killings of Sen. Robert Kennedy and civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.

Ukraine war

Trump claimed during the election campaign that he would end the conflict on the first day of his presidency. He has since said he may need six months. It is unclear what he might do in his first days.

Cuba and Venezuela

Trump could use executive orders to undo Biden’s recent decision to remove Cuba from the US list of state sponsors of terrorism. He could also reimpose sanctions on Venezuela. Both countries were frequent targets of his ire during his first administration.

Trump is also expected to issue orders that would form a new Department of Government Efficiency (Doge) — an advisory body expected to be co-led by Elon Musk in an effort to cut costs from government.

He also reportedly wants to amend laws related to hiring and firing federal employees.

Transgender people

Trump officials told reporters before his inauguration that Trump would issue an executive order saying it was US policy to recognize the biologically different sexes between male and female, rather than “gender and sex.” “These genders are not interchangeable,” one official said.

The order is expected to impact transgender policy regarding government communications, civil rights protections and federal funding as well as in U.S. shelters and prisons. It can also affect official documents such as passports and visas.

DEI

In recent years, schools and businesses across the United States have adopted policies designed to support women and racial minorities.

These practices, often categorized under the rubric of “diversity, equity, and inclusion” (DEI), have drawn the ire of many conservatives and faced legal challenges. Trump has promised to solve it, and major companies including Meta, Walmart, and Amazon have already begun to back away from related initiatives.

Trump could use an executive order to block federal funding from going to schools or other institutions with DEI programs. It could also ban funding for schools that teach “Critical Race Theory” (CRT).

During Sunday’s rally, he also pledged to target “vigilance” in the US military.

miscarriage

Like most Republican presidents before him, Trump is expected to reinstate the Mexico City Policy, which bars federal aid to international groups that provide abortion counseling.

He is also expected to reinstate an abortion rule that prohibits federal health providers, a low-income family planning program, from mentioning abortion to patients. This change stripped tens of millions of dollars from organizations that provide abortion services or referrals.

On Sunday morning, Trump promised to issue an executive order that would delay a law banning the implementation of the Chinese-owned social media platform TikTok.

TikTok welcomed the pledge and began restoring its app services in the United States, after briefly halting them in compliance with the new US law.

Trump said his order would give TikTok’s parent company more time to find a US partner to buy a 50% stake in the app.

He previously supported banning TikTok, but recently reversed his position, citing the billions of views he says his videos attracted on the platform during last year’s presidential campaign.

“America’s Gulf”

Among the first executive orders that Trump will issue is an order directing the Secretary of the Interior to change the name of the Gulf of Mexico – a strategically important body of water in North America that covers 600,000 square miles – to “America’s Gulf,” US media reported. Reports.

Trump said during a press conference in January that bodies of water are controlled by gangs and that they are “our property.”

Mount Denali in Alaska

This executive order will also call for Alaska’s Mount Denali to be renamed Mount McKinley, in honor of the 25th president of the United States. The highest mountain in North America, President Barack Obama changed its name to Denali in 2015 to reflect the name given to it by indigenous tribes.